Human Cloning - The Greatest Danger is Ignorance :: Cloning Argumentative Persuasive Argument

Human Cloning The Greatest Danger is Ignorance The successful clone of an adult sheepin which the sheeps DNA was inserted into an unfertilized sheep egg to producea lamb with identical DNAgenerated an outpouring of ethical concerns. Theseconcerns argon not about Dolly, the now famous sheep, nor plain about theconsiderable impact cloning may incur on the animal breeding industry, but ratherabout the possibility of cloning humans. For the most part, however, the ethicalconcerns being raised are exaggerated and misplaced, because they are based onerroneous views about what genes are and what they can do. The danger, therefore,lies not in the power of the technology, but in the misunderstanding of itssignificance. Producing a clone of a human being would not amount to creating a carbon copyan automaton of the sort familiar from science fiction. It would be much likeproducing a delayed identical twin. And just as identical twins are two separate mintbiologically, psychologically, mora lly and legally, though not contractableallyso a clone is a separate person from his or her non-contemporaneoustwin. To think otherwise is to embrace a belief in genetic determinismthe viewthat genes determine everything about us, and that environmental factors or therandom events in human development are utterly insignificant. The overwhelmingconsensus among geneticists is that genetic determinism is false. As geneticists have come to understand the ways in which genes operate, theyhave also become aware of the myriad ways in which the environment affects theirexpression. The genetic contribution to the simplest somatogenetic traits, such asheight and hair color, is significantly mediated by environmental factors. Andthe genetic contribution to the traits we value most deeply, from intelligenceto compassion, is conceded by even the most enthusiastic genetic researchers tobe limited and indirect. Indeed, we need only appeal to our ordinary experiencewith identical twinsthat they ar e different people despite their similaritiesto appreciate that genetic determinism is false. Furthermore, because of the extra steps involved, cloning will probably alwaysbe riskierthat is, less likely to result in a live birththan in vitrofertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer. (It took more than 275 attempts beforethe researchers were able to obtain a successful sheep clone. While cloningmethods may improve, we should neb that even standard IVF techniques typicallyhave a success rate of less than 20 percent.) So why would anyone go to thetrouble of cloning? on that point are, of course, a few reasons people might go to the trouble, and so itsworth pondering what they think they might accomplish, and what sort of ethical

Airport Planning and Organization Essay -- Logistics

Single File?According to the federal official Aviation Administration (2007), The master readying military operation exit vary with the size, complexity, and role of the study airport and may include a variety of supporting studies. However, all master excogitationning studies will fall within one of two basic types Airport Master Plans or Airport Layout Plan (ALP) Updates (Federal Aviation Administration, 2007, p.1). This description of the master planning process is further explained by the FAA in saying, Airport planning is a systematic process used to establish guidelines for the efficient development of airports that is consistent with local, state and guinea pig goals. A key objective of airport planning is to assure the effective use of airport resources in order to satisfy aviation demand in a financially feasible manner. Airport planning may be as broad based as the national system plan or more centrally focused as an airport master plan for a specific airport (Federal Aviation Administration, 2010, p. 500-1). This explanation of how airport planning is make may allow the reader to become more familiar with how decisions are made in regards to airport planning and organization.The basis of any airport plan or layout is set up for one primary function to move people out as fast if not faster than they have go in. There are a variety of ways that have been tested, failed, retested, improved, and finally established or dissolved in order to help promote this theory of moving people as easily and sufficiently as possible. Two examples that have two very different approaches to the methods of passenger flow within the airports would be to look at Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport (DTW) and Washington Dulles International Airp... ...nal Airport the Official Website of ATL Airport. Retrieved January 22, 2012, from http//www.atlanta-airport.com/Airport/ATL/ATL_FactSheet.aspx Federal Aviation Administration. (2007, May 1). Advisory circula r. FAA.gov. Retrieved January 22, 2012, from http//www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/advisory_circular/150-5070-6B/150_5070_6b_chg1.pdf Federal Aviation Administration. (2010, October 1). Airport Planning. FAA.gov. Retrieved January 22, 2012, from http//www.faa.gov/airports/central/aip/sponsor_guide/media/0500.pdf Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority. (2012). Air Traffic Statistics. Dulles International Airport. Retrieved January 22, 2012, from http//www.mwaa.com/dulles/653.htm Wayne County Airport Authority. (2004). Aviation Statistics. MetroAirport.com. Retrieved January 22, 2012, from http//www.metroairport.com/about/AviationStatistics.asp

Barriers to Effective Communication for Nurses Essay -- Papers Nurse N

Barriers to Effective Communication Communication is the process of sending and receiving messages amid two or more people this is something that we do all the time. It is important that nurses recognize that communication is the key to good holistic care, as patients need reassurance and teaching regarding their care. Communication is so much more than just talking to one another. It is how people respond to each other in many different ways (Langs 1983). Some examples of communication are talking, writing, signing, reading and body language, which is suggested, has several elements (Dimbleby and Burton 1992). Communication can be very effective but first it needs to be established, and then maintained. Nurses can do this during an assessment when a patient/client comes into hospital. However, it is argued that barriers to communication can prevent appropriate and effective care being stipulation to patients. Communication can either facilitate th e development of a therapeutic relationship or create barriers (Stuart and Sundeen 1995). Because of their diverse nature, communication disorders are difficult to clear up (Crystal, 1980). You can discover problems simply by observing an individual. Observation can be used to establish which language is being used, if the client has any sense of hearing difficulties or visual impairments, physical illness or disability, or if there are learning difficulties. Any of these issues could control how well a person is able-bodied to communicate with you. Therefore, for the purpose of this piece of work, I have chosen to explore two barriers to communication, and illustrate key points.... ... Ellis, R.B. Gates, R.J. Kenworthy, N. 1995. Interpersonal Communication in Nursing. Edinburgh Churchill Livingstone. Lewycka, M. 2001.Caring For Someone With A Hearing Loss. London Age Concern Martin, M. Grover, B. 1986. Hearing Loss. Edinburgh Churchill Livings tone McMillan, M. Townsend, J. 1994 Reflections on Contemporary Nursing Practice. Australia Reed International Books. McQuail, D. 1984. Communication. 2nd Edition. United States of America Longman Inc. Nolan, Y. 2001. NVQ Level 3 In Care. Oxford Heinemann. Peplau, H.E. 1988. Interpersonal Relations in Nursing. Hampshire Macmillan Education Ltd. Riley, J.B. 2000 Communication in Nursing. 4th Edition. United States of America Mosby Inc. Syder, D. 1992. An Introduction to Communication Disorders. London Chapman and Hall.

The Witching Hour :: essays research papers

The Witching HourTitle The Witching Hour Author Anne Rice Copyright Date 1990 Numberof summon Read 1043Three main elements classify the genre Gothic, Mystery, and Romance. Iclassify Gothic novels as stories pertaining to a dismal atmosphere, such asEdgar Allan Poes literature. .Lovers who unlock long dozen generations of Mayfair family secrets and incestdiscovering that their intervention becomes a more complex-intertwining destiny.Our Antagonist Michael Curry, a 48-year old Irish man who had lost himself ina world in which he had polished his dreams, experienced his emotional pain,and yet he felt empty. Michael approached the rocks of the bay, eyeshot of hislife and emptiness, then he slipped and fell to his fatal doom in the sea.Found by a woman known as rowan Mayfair , he discovered that he was dead forover an hour as he rested in the hospital. Michael also discovered that he hadreceived the gift of seeing images by using his hands to touch objects, andthat he chose to come back. He was burdened by the images and the vision afterhis death, that he had a purpose, that he was sent for a reason. Something thathad to do with a doorway, and the number thirteen.After isolation from the press of the burden of his powers, he found himselfwanting to go back on the deck of the boat where he was rescued. He wanted totalk to the woman who rescued him, for he thought that she would let him touchthe boat to recover images that night. He discovered that this neurosurgeon, Dr.Rowan Mayfair, was the veritable love of his life. After he discovered how muchhe deep loved Rowan, he began to reminisce the images of his purpose thatcertain elements and images of his childhood hinted him to return to the househe had been fascinated with in New Orleans as a child. Another major characterof the story, Englishmen Aaron Lightner, was a part of an archaic organizationknown as the "Talamasca". Aaron studied a family called the Mayfairs in NewOrleans, because his organizati on had believed the Mayfairs to be witches. Hedevoted his life to the history of the Mayfair witches, and his organization hadcompiled a history of the Mayfairs since the days of the 17th centuryinquisition in Europe. As he watched Michael and Rowan from the corners of colouredness, he intervened their lives to enlighten their knowledge of Rowansfamily historyand its dangerous potential. Rowan did not know a single thingof her family history, as she was left in the dark her whole life by her aunt

Merchant of Venice Overview :: Free Merchant of Venice Essays

In The merchant of Venice, Antonio is the merchant, and complains to his whizs about how depressed he is and he cannot explain why. His friend Bassanio is in desperate need of money to judicial system Portia, wealthy women of Belmont, so Bassanio asks Antonio for a loan. However, Antonio cannot give Bassanio the loan because he has just invested all of his money into a number of ships that are still at sea. Antonio advises Bassanio to go and meet with Shylock, a Jew who is a moneylender. Bassanio takes Antonios advice and the both of them go to meet with him. When Bassanio and Antonio meet with Shylock, Shylock has cryptograph but a long-term grudge against Antonio, who had do a habit of talking about him and the way he ran his business. But, Shylock decides to give Bassanio three pace ducats with an exception that should the loan go unpaid, he impart be entitled to a pound of Antonios flesh. Antonio agrees, and Shylock gives Bassanio the loan. Back at Shylocks home Launcelot Shylocks servant, decides to leave him and cast for Bassanio. While all of this is going on, Jessica Shylocks daughter elopes with Antonios friend Lorenzo. In Belmont, Portia is flip over her fathers wish, which stipulates that she must sweep up the man who even uply chooses one of the three caskets. Bassanio and his friend go to to court Portia. Bassanio and Portia declare there be intimate for one another and Portia takes Bassanio to pick out the casket. Bassanio chooses the correct casket and Portias father accepts him into the family.However, not everyone is happy because Antonio finds out that he has lost his ships, and that he has to antedate his bond to Shylock. When Bassanio and his friend find out that Antonio is in trouble they go to try and save Antonios life. Portia and Nerissa are with the two men when they here the parole and follow them to Vencie. Shylock and Antonio are side by side when Antonio pleads for his life. Shylock pays no attention to him. They all t hen go to trial where the Duke of Venice rules and announces that he has direct for a legal expert, who is Portia. Portia asks Shylock to be thoughtful of Antonios harm, but Shylock insists that he give him a pound of flesh. At the same term Bassanio tells Shylock that he will give him doubly the amount of money due to him, but Shylock still insists on getting the pound of flesh.Merchant of Venice Overview Free Merchant of Venice Essays In The Merchant of Venice, Antonio is the merchant, and complains to his friends about how depressed he is and he cannot explain why. His friend Bassanio is in desperate need of money to court Portia, wealthy women of Belmont, so Bassanio asks Antonio for a loan. However, Antonio cannot give Bassanio the loan because he has just invested all of his money into a number of ships that are still at sea. Antonio advises Bassanio to go and meet with Shylock, a Jew who is a moneylender. Bassanio takes Antonios advice and the both of them go to meet wi th him. When Bassanio and Antonio meet with Shylock, Shylock has nothing but a long-term grudge against Antonio, who had made a habit of talking about him and the way he ran his business. But, Shylock decides to give Bassanio three thousand ducats with an exception that should the loan go unpaid, he will be entitled to a pound of Antonios flesh. Antonio agrees, and Shylock gives Bassanio the loan. Back at Shylocks home Launcelot Shylocks servant, decides to leave him and work for Bassanio. While all of this is going on, Jessica Shylocks daughter elopes with Antonios friend Lorenzo. In Belmont, Portia is upset over her fathers wish, which stipulates that she must marry the man who correctly chooses one of the three caskets. Bassanio and his friend go to to court Portia. Bassanio and Portia declare there love for one another and Portia takes Bassanio to pick out the casket. Bassanio chooses the correct casket and Portias father accepts him into the family.However, not everyone is happ y because Antonio finds out that he has lost his ships, and that he has to forfeit his bond to Shylock. When Bassanio and his friend find out that Antonio is in trouble they go to try and save Antonios life. Portia and Nerissa are with the two men when they here the news and follow them to Vencie. Shylock and Antonio are side by side when Antonio pleads for his life. Shylock pays no attention to him. They all then go to trial where the Duke of Venice rules and announces that he has sent for a legal expert, who is Portia. Portia asks Shylock to be considerate of Antonios harm, but Shylock insists that he give him a pound of flesh. At the same time Bassanio tells Shylock that he will give him twice the amount of money due to him, but Shylock still insists on getting the pound of flesh.

Merchant of Venice Overview :: Free Merchant of Venice Essays

In The Merchant of Venice, Antonio is the merchant, and complains to his friends ab off how depressed he is and he cannot pardon why. His friend Bassanio is in desperate need of property to court Portia, wealthy women of Belmont, so Bassanio asks Antonio for a loan. However, Antonio cannot bequeath Bassanio the loan because he has just invested all of his property into a number of ships that are still at sea. Antonio advises Bassanio to go and meet with loan shark, a Jew who is a moneylender. Bassanio takes Antonios advice and the both of them go to meet with him. When Bassanio and Antonio meet with moneylender, Shylock has nothing but a long-term musical score against Antonio, who had made a habit of talking ab bring out him and the way he ran his business. But, Shylock decides to give Bassanio ternary thousand ducats with an exception that should the loan go unpaid, he will be entitled to a hammer in of Antonios flesh. Antonio agrees, and Shylock gives Bassanio the loan. B ack at Shylocks home Launcelot Shylocks servant, decides to result him and work for Bassanio. While all of this is going on, Jessica Shylocks daughter elopes with Antonios friend Lorenzo. In Belmont, Portia is upset over her fathers wish, which stipulates that she moldiness marry the man who correctly chooses one of the three caskets. Bassanio and his friend go to to court Portia. Bassanio and Portia declare in that location love for one another and Portia takes Bassanio to pick out the casket. Bassanio chooses the correct casket and Portias father accepts him into the family.However, not everyone is happy because Antonio finds out that he has lost his ships, and that he has to forfeit his bond to Shylock. When Bassanio and his friend find out that Antonio is in trouble they go to try and save Antonios life. Portia and Nerissa are with the two men when they present the news and follow them to Vencie. Shylock and Antonio are spatial relation by side when Antonio pleads for his li fe. Shylock pays no attention to him. They all then go to trial where the Duke of Venice rules and announces that he has sent for a legal expert, who is Portia. Portia asks Shylock to be considerate of Antonios harm, but Shylock insists that he give him a pound of flesh. At the same(p) time Bassanio tells Shylock that he will give him twice the amount of money due to him, but Shylock still insists on getting the pound of flesh.Merchant of Venice Overview Free Merchant of Venice Essays In The Merchant of Venice, Antonio is the merchant, and complains to his friends about how depressed he is and he cannot explain why. His friend Bassanio is in desperate need of money to court Portia, wealthy women of Belmont, so Bassanio asks Antonio for a loan. However, Antonio cannot give Bassanio the loan because he has just invested all of his money into a number of ships that are still at sea. Antonio advises Bassanio to go and meet with Shylock, a Jew who is a moneylender. Bassanio takes Anton ios advice and the both of them go to meet with him. When Bassanio and Antonio meet with Shylock, Shylock has nothing but a long-term grudge against Antonio, who had made a habit of talking about him and the way he ran his business. But, Shylock decides to give Bassanio three thousand ducats with an exception that should the loan go unpaid, he will be entitled to a pound of Antonios flesh. Antonio agrees, and Shylock gives Bassanio the loan. Back at Shylocks home Launcelot Shylocks servant, decides to leave him and work for Bassanio. While all of this is going on, Jessica Shylocks daughter elopes with Antonios friend Lorenzo. In Belmont, Portia is upset over her fathers wish, which stipulates that she must marry the man who correctly chooses one of the three caskets. Bassanio and his friend go to to court Portia. Bassanio and Portia declare there love for one another and Portia takes Bassanio to pick out the casket. Bassanio chooses the correct casket and Portias father accepts him into the family.However, not everyone is happy because Antonio finds out that he has lost his ships, and that he has to forfeit his bond to Shylock. When Bassanio and his friend find out that Antonio is in trouble they go to try and save Antonios life. Portia and Nerissa are with the two men when they here the news and follow them to Vencie. Shylock and Antonio are side by side when Antonio pleads for his life. Shylock pays no attention to him. They all then go to trial where the Duke of Venice rules and announces that he has sent for a legal expert, who is Portia. Portia asks Shylock to be considerate of Antonios harm, but Shylock insists that he give him a pound of flesh. At the same time Bassanio tells Shylock that he will give him twice the amount of money due to him, but Shylock still insists on getting the pound of flesh.

Case Analysis_The University Art Museum Essay

Executive SummaryThis report was commissioned as a case analysis to examine why the last devil directors of the University Art Museum were seemingly at odds with the university and failed in their mission to lead the museum into the future. Further it provides prospective on how to move the museum into the future through successful management. issue AnalysisThe University Art Museum was a generous gift donated by the son of the universitys first president, who was also a campus alumnus. The university took great pride in the museum and til now highlighted the museums photo on campus brochures and catalogs for years. However, in recent years university was not exactly pleased with the direction the museum was headed under either of its most recent 2 directors. It became abundantly clear that the directors had a different vision for the museum than did the university faculty.There was so much tension amongst parties that the previous director had sharply attacked the faculty as eli tist and clannish and as believing that art belongs to the rich, (Daft, 2013). What we gather from the case for analysis is that university did not clearly outline the direction of the museum, provide a mission statement, or occupy any formal written policy about how to run the museum or move the museum into the future. We also gather that prior to 1998 the museum ran just fine without the university needing any formalities. This could partly equate to the fact that the passkey director and his successor were previous students of the university.As students of the university they may have already had a pretty good idea of how the university operated. excessly, the original director was also the founder of the museum. Whatever the case may be it wasnt until the university began hiring outside the university that there seemed to be a major disconnect. At this identify it is clear that there are some design essentials that need to be incorporated before hiring another director. Wit h that being said, organizations exist for a exercise and that purpose inescapably to be clearly defined.The university faculty should first decide the organizations strategic intent which includes a clear andspecific mission, a vision, and the principles of the university. Additional aspects of strategic intent are competitive advantage and onus competence. In knowing the competitive advantage of the museum and the core competence, the faculty will be demote positioned to build a strategy. Once the mission and goals are established the university should be able to set clear operating goals.Additionally, the faculty members need to take a long look at what they consider the failures of the previous two directors and see how their attempts to move the university into the future can be adjusted to fit the needfully of the university, the needs of the community and lastly, paint the university in a better light, one not viewed as elitist or snobbish. Simply returning the universit y to its previous state could confirm to be detrimental. Lastly, the university needs to have some formal measure in positioning to assess effectiveness of the strategies set forth. Simply put, just because the faculty is clever with the direction the museum is headed, doesnt make it a successful venture.ConclusionIn conclusion, it is clear why the previous two directors have failed to be successful in fulfilling the mission of the university. Quite simply, there was no mission defined, no goals, no formal policies or principles, and no vision. If any director is to be successful the university needs to take the appropriate measures in spearheading that success. First and foremost, a mission statement must be formulated.The organization needs to understand the competitive advantage and core competence of the museum and built a suitable strategy or strategies around these values. Lastly, there needs to be a formal measure in place to assess the effectiveness. Once the university h as taken the necessary steps to lead the museum in the direction it wants for the future, they will be far more successful in decision the right director for the job. Most importantly, the director will do a much better job of meeting the goals of the university faculty. ReferencesDaft. R. L. (2013). Organization Theory & Design. Mason, OH South-Western, Cengage Learning.

Childhood Essay

rationalise the epoch and rate of each aspect of study from birth- 19 days. Children develop at polar rates and their progress weed be measured and tracked in a variety of ways. Although e actu each(prenominal)y s collectr develops at different rates the range result fit a pattern. This is because infantren exit often acquire one skill before be satisfactory to move on to the next. In early years electric shaverrens sequential victimisation burn be measured against the beforehand(predicate) Years Foundation power point.The different aspects of study they atomic number 18 measured on are Physical, Communication, Intellectual/cognitive, moral, loving, stirred and behavioural. Childrens Physical abilities usually develop very rapidly in the early days as they grow from a baby to a toddler. By six months of age a babys muscles will have developed enough to march on out and stop objects and pay off exploring the origination around them. They will enjoy respon ding to adult facial expressions and whitethorn still be shy with strangers. By the age of one a baby bird will begin crawling and apply furniture and adults for reward in standing.They will be able to sit independently and snuff it much co-ordinated with their hands. A nestling whitethorn have developed their first teeth and solid food will be introduced to their diet. They will begin to understand more than words and respond to their name when called and may become anxious when separated from rears or carers. Jealousy of others may become apparent and they enjoy imitating actions they are shown. among the age of one and two a barbarian will begin walking and mark making will be explored. A barbarian may shake their head to mean no and they will begin to understand more words that are spoken to them.Between the ages of two and three scribbles will evolve as children start to experiment more with pencils and pens. A child will be able to throw and kick balls and build to wers with blocks. Speech will have developed into longer sentences and questions will be constantly asked as they become more inquisitive. From three to four years of age children will begin to use pitch and eminence in singing and their vocabulary will continue to increase. They will enjoy sorting objects into shape, colour and size and will be able to follow simple instructions.Childrens independence will continue to increase as they enjoy running, jumping, skipping and hopping. Children will now assist in grooming and undressing. From four to five years of age childrens questions become more inquisitive and their grammar more accurate. They will be able to hold pencils and pens more powerful and copy shapes and letters and draw stack. Routine is very important and they will enjoy being given increasing function. At six and septetteer years children will be able to dress unassisted and they will be ever more confident in their abilities to run, skip and hop.They may be able to do up buttons and remember events. A child will be able to hold a conversation as well as clear sounds, words and letters. Beyond these years and heading into adolescence children will develop physically at varying rates. Children will go by dint of puberty at very different rates. Childrens and Young Peoples language and vocabulary through adolescence are greatly aided by the adults around them. From the age of seven and onwards children may begin to read aloud confidently and have an increasing knowledge of grammar and tenses.During teenage years vocabulary skills and humour will be developing in a more complex way. The use of sarcasm may be introduced. The skills to argue and debate will also progress. Teenagers will become increasingly confident in their own thoughts and ideas, however may still need reassurance as they become an adult. They will develop strong friendships and discover the face-to-face sex. Although Children may reach these aspects at different times and stages in their life, the same sequence will be followed. This means that a pattern of growing is followed.For example, a child must shoot to walk before they fecal matter develop the ability to run. 1. 2- Explain the difference between sequence of knowledge and rate of development and why the difference is important The difference in the sequence and rate of development is important as they are used to measure a childs development. It enables Early Years providers to monitor and track a childs development and identify any concerns. It also go outs the provider to plan at the respectable time for specific children. The sequence of development is the order in which a child develops. This can be different in each child. unmatched child may begin to do things before another and skip a step in the sequence while another child may follow each step in the sequence exactly. Rate of develop is the speed in which a child develops. This can also vary from child to child as one child as one child may start doing things earlier than others. It is vital to know the difference between sequence of development and the rate of development as it helps professionals in identifying the individual call for of a child. It helps practitioners recognise where there may be special fosterage inescapably and additional support required.Outcome 2Understand the factors that influence children and novel peoples development and how these fall upon practice 2. 1- Explain how children and young peoples development is influenced by a range of soulal factors. Various factors contribute to a child or young persons development. Personal factors can involve health Problems. A childs development begins in the Mothers womb and can be hindered by a Mothers drug taking or excessive alcohol consumption. It can result in premature birth and a low birth weight which so has an ongoing effect on the Childs development.If a child is born with impairment such as hearing loss and so this will come to their well-disposed skills and their ability to communicate. brotherlyising is a very important contributing factor to a child and young persons development as children learn from each other. Learning difficulties can profess a childs development of social skills. Children with breeding difficulties will need exceptional support in certain areas of accomplishment as they may become frustrated and put down confidence. A disability develops through genes. Therefore this can be a personal factor in a child and young persons development.Physical impairments because of a disability can present social issues and different aspects of the disability can physically restrict and impair a person. 2. 2-Explain how children and young peoples development is influenced by a range of extraneous factors. As well as personal factors, there are a number of external factors which contribute to a child and young persons development. Poverty and deprivation can mean that a childs life ch ances can often be reduced. This is especially true in other, slight affluent countries where children may not have access to an education or healthcare.Family environment and background can strongly influence a childs development. Children may not receive much support from their parents or carers and the Family may have different priorities than education for example. Personal choices can go on to touch on a child and young persons development passim their life. If a child chooses to leave school early then this will affect their career prospects and life chances. If a young person chooses to do drugs then this will go on to affect them socially and in regards to their health.If an individual has been a looked after Child or in care then this may be a factor in their development. Many looked after children are travel around frequently and this can have a negative effect on their education and may cause attachment issues in childhood and throughout life. Education itself can be a n external influence in an individuals development. If a child has not attended Nursery in their Early Years then they may be held back once they begin school. The child may have training difficulties which have not yet been identified.Explain how theories of development and frameworks to support development influence current practice. Theories of development and frameworks to support development influence current practice in various ways. Cognitive development, a system developed by Jean Piagent, suggests that children prior to seven years of age judge their good and bad actions on the consequences of them. Children after the age of seven then begin to judge their actions on their intentions. Piagents theory also suggests that childrens development is sequential and that a child cannot run before they can walk, so to speak.This theory heavily influences current practice as the development of children less than five years is measured against the Early Years Foundation Stage, which recognises that the milestones which children reach may be at different times in their life but will follow the familiar pattern. Psychoanalytical Development is a theory formulated by Sigmund Freud. The theory proposes that unconscious thoughts, feelings, emotions and experiences can influence a persons actions and that past experiences can influence and shape an individuals future. This underlines a childs impulses and actions.This theory influences every day practice and is demonstrated by having patience and encouraging children to share and take turns. A child must be supported in reasonable risk taking and motivation. A child must learn the skills to negotiate. This can be achieved through contest resolution and by challenging the childs behaviour. Abraham Maslow explained through his Humanist theory of development that individuals choices are influenced by their own perception of their experiences and that a person is able to choose their behaviour, it is not an instinctual reaction to your environment.Self-esteem, self-fulfilment and an individuals needs are of primary importance and a persons basic needs must be met in order to attain these. Maslow developed the Hierarchy of Need which is utilised in current practice to measure a childs personal development. Maslow put forward that a persons basic needs must be met before they can achieve self-actualisation and realize their own personal potential. Albert Banduras theory of Social Learning advocates that children learn from others through observation and imitation.There are three aspects to this theory and these are that children learn through observation, that a childs internal mental state is a factor and that even if a child learns something it does not mean that a child will use that learned behaviour. Banduras theory has had an influence on current practice as it put forward the idea that learning does not change behaviour and in order to do so both Families and Professionals need to be part o f the process. It is widely understood that Parents and Teachers should be appointed role models in a child and young persons life.Burrhus Frederic Skinners theory of Operant Conditioning supports the concept of the mind and that it is more productive to learn from observed behaviour than to develop from your own internal mental experience. Skinner believed that the best way to understand an individuals behaviour is to consider the cause and effect. B. F. Skinners theory of Operant Conditioning was largely based on Edward Lee Thorndikes Law of Effect theory. Thorndikes theory was founded through studying learned behaviour in animals.Skinner believed that reinforcement was the key to repeated behaviour and that behaviour that is encouraged will be replicated as opposed to behaviour which is not reinforced being extinguished. Operant conditioning is a theory which supports the fact that behaviour may be changed through reinforcement. This theory is demonstrated in current practice by the use of reward charts. By negatively reinforcing behaviour a child may not repeat the action so as to remove the unpleasant experience. Behaviourist theory was formulated by John B.Watson who believed that children have three main motives being fear, rage and love and the theory deals only with observable behaviour. Development is considered a reaction to given rewards and punishments. Behaviourist theory is set apart from other theories in the fact that it does not deal with internal thoughts or theories. Because of this umteen critics argue that Behaviourism is one dimensional and does not account for other types of learning. However, it is an effective appliance in measuring a childs behaviour and tracking their development.Although Behaviourism is widely criticised it is still a widely used notion in teaching and encouraging positive behaviour and discouraging negative behaviour. Social Pedagogy is a framework in place to support development and lend oneself humanistic beh aviour such as respect for others, trust and equality. It promotes the development of children in areas such as emotions and feelings, intellect, and physical capability. It encourages sustained wellbeing and health, self-empowerment, to take responsibility for ones own actions and to promote human eudaemonia and ease social problems.This Framework supports development of children and is increasingly associated with Community and Social Work. It upholds Equality, Diversity and comprehensive practice and is enforced by looking at the child as a whole and supporting their overall development. Outcome 3Understand how to monitor children and young peoples development and interventions that should take place if this is not following the expected pattern 3. 1- Explain how to monitor children and young peoples development using different methods. There are various methods and ways of monitoring and tracking children and young peoples development.A key system is session dwelling housewor k and evaluation which enables practitioners to reflect on a session and introduce scaffolded learning to meet a childs developmental needs. Assessment Frameworks within education are in the form of SATS and GCSE exams. These exams measure a childs ability to retain information. If a child is believed to have additional needs then a Common Assessment Framework can be completed to identify a child or young persons educational, emotional and developmental needs. In their Early Years, children undergo regular health checks to ensure their physical development is progressing at the expected rate.The Early Years Foundation Stage is used to measure childrens milestones. Through observation it can be discerned if a child is not meeting the expected pattern of development. This should be relayed to the parent or carer and discussed to ascertain if there are any concerns at home. It is best practice to share information with other professionals, colleagues and parents and carers to ensure th at all information and facts are collated and everyone is concerned with the overall development of a child or young person. 3.Explain the reasons why children and young peoples development may not follow the expected pattern There are a range of reasons why children and young peoples development may not follow the expected pattern. Factors such as disability can affect various areas of development but early intervention and support can aid in a childs development. Positive emotional development occurs when a child receives routine and structure and feels settled. Attachment issues can cause low self-conceit and motivation in children and young people and so this may hinder them in trying new things and risk taking.Physical development can be effected due to genetics. A child may be a slow learner or have problems with physical growth. This can also affect social development. Socially a child or young persons development may not follow an expected pattern if parents and carers do n ot make time or prioritise interactive play with their children. An environment can result in a childs development being affected. If a person is born into poverty then they may not have access to opportunities and education and so life chances are reduced. destination can also play a part as the ways in which a child is brought up differs around the world. Other cultures may have different expectations or restrictions on a child. Learning difficulties may shape a persons development pattern as they may not be identified early on in a childs life. This may therefore hold them back. Children who have manner of speaking problems or come across it difficult to read and write will find it arduous and frustrating to communicate with others. 3. 3-Explain how disability may affect development Disability can affect development in a number of ways.Learning and social development can be affected by a number of disabilities and a child may be faced with prejudice and discrimination. Learning disabilities which can affect development can include Autism, which affects an individuals communication and interaction with others and the world around them. Autism can lead a person to feel isolated and alone and an individual may find it hard to read facial expressions and tone of voice. Dyslexia can create development issues in relation to reading and writing. If Dyslexia is undetected in childhood then this can affect a childs self fulfilment.Children may become angry and detached and may have clog attending school. This in turn will affect their education and learning development. Physical disabilities such as Cerebral Palsy affect movement and posture and co-ordination. Some individuals who suffer from this particular disability can suffer from seizures and difficulty in reading and writing. 3. 4-Explain how different types of interventions can promote positive outcomes for children and young people where development is not following the expected pattern.Different types of intervention can promote positive outcomes for children and young people where development is not following the expected pattern. Social Workers are in place to help and safeguard unsafe children and their families through Child In Need and Child Protection Plans. Speech and Language Therapists can assess and work with children and young people who have speech difficulties. The earlier the difficulty is identified the less the impact on the childs life. Children who have behaviour and learning difficulties may be supported by a Psychologist.Once the childs needs have been ascertained support plans can be put in place at home and within education. Psychiatrists is specialised in treating people with Mental Health issues and works alongside other professionals in supporting individuals with such issues. callowness Justice and Youth Workers work alongside Social Care in supporting young people with behavioural problems. Physiotherapists aid children in their physical development whe re they have qualified or little movement capability. They facilitate them in gaining the maximum movement possible.Specialist Nurses provide support to families of children with disabilities and in need of specialist medical care. excess learning support is available to children who have specialist educational needs. Assistive technology can further aid those with learning and physical development issues. This technology can play to a child or young persons strengths and can encourage and motivate them within their capabilities. Health Visitors are often the earliest intervention in a childs life and the first to ascertain if development is not following the expected pattern.Regular visits from Health will ensure that the childs development is monitored closely and any concerns are raised early on. Outcome 4Understand the importance of early intervention to support the speech, language and communication needs of children and young people. 4. 1- Analyse the importance of early iden tification of speech, language and communication delays and disorders and the potential risks of late recognition. Our speech, language and communication capabilities furbish up to how we interact and relate to others. It allows us to socialise and educate ourselves.If a child is identified as having speech, language and communication needs then it is often referred to as SLCN in short. If a childs SLCNs are not identified during their early years it may affect their early education and relationships in school. A child may be bullied or their own confidence issues may hold them back from interacting with others. If a child has a hearing or speech impediment then other forms of communication must be evolved and access to the appropriate support must be provided. There are many risks of late recognition regarding speech, language and communication needs.If they are not recognised early on then it can continue to result in problems with self-esteem, learning difficulties, a person fee ling isolated and becoming withdrawn, anti social behaviour and an inability to express themselves effectively and a child or young person not fulfilling their full potential. 4. 2-Explain how multi agency teams work together to support speech, language and communication. Practitioners have an obligation to identify childrens needs and refer them into the right support to aid in their development.Multi agency teams work together to support SLCNs by meeting and discussing available support for the child. By multi agencies meeting together it allows all channels of support to be identified at once and discuss what each agency can provide. Minutes are taken at these meetings which allow all agencies to have up to date information and work together to achieve a common goal. 4. 3-Explain how play and activities are used to support the development of speech, language and communication. Children learn through play and different activities can support the development of speech, language and communication.This allows different language to be used within a context the child can enjoy. The activity should be themed on something a child enjoys doing to encourage interest and engagement. Instruments and shapes can lead into describing words and sensory experiences. Puppets can encourage children to talk and interact in dramatic play which allows children to express emotions and develop language. Outcome 5Understand the potential effects of transitions on children and young peoples development 5.Explain how different types of transitions can affect children and young peoples development. A child and young person may go through several types of transition during their development. Emotional transitions occur when a persons emotional state is altered for some reason. It can occur when a child experiences bereavement, misses a parent/carer or begins or leaves care. A child experiencing an emotional transition may have angry outbursts if they are too young or incapable of expre ssing themselves in words.A child may experience physical transition when beginning or leaving a school or locomote home and perhaps when shifting from one activity to another. It may result in a child becoming anxious and unable to interact with others. physiological transition takes place when a child goes through puberty or develops a long-term medical condition. A young person may lose confidence and feel uncomfortable meeting new people or experiencing new situations as they develop physically and become an adult. Intellectual transition is when a child progresses from pre-school to primary school, for example.New faces and environments can impact on a childs ability to feel comfortable and may make the child feel anxious and lose confidence. 5. 2-Evaluate the effect on children and young people of having positive relationships during periods of transition. Positive relationships are highly important to a persons development and wellbeing. Positive relationships promote consi stency and resilience in a child and young person. Good support can come from Parents, Carers, Siblings and extended family, Social Workers, Health Professionals, teachers and tutors.These affiliations will mean that a child or young person is more likely to achieve academic targets and build strong social links. A child will feel more loved and valued and be more prepared for future transitions. Positive relationships also mean that a child or young persons needs and requirements are more liable to be identified and provided for. A childs welfare can be monitored more effectively and plans for childrens development and education can be more effective in their outcomes.

Stat 250 Review

Final Exam Review Part VI Definitions and Terms have intercourse the major definitions and terms for example 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Population Sample Descriptive Statistic Inferential Statistics Parameter vs Statistics Variable a. Categorical Statistic estimates Parameter b. Quantitative estimates , strain mean , people i. Discrete mean s, sample prevalent estimates , population ii. Continuous conflict standard deviation Random Variable estimates P, population ? p , sample try out Distributions proportion proportionParameter (Defines a population) Statistic ( wagerd from sample to estimate a parameter) Central Limit Theorem Law of Large Numbers Confidence Level (1- )*100 Type I phantasm (rejecting the null hypothesis when in fact it is consecutive) Type II error (not rejecting the null hypothesis when in fact the null is not true) What is true What you did Do not Reject H0 Reject H0 H0 true No computer error Type I error Ha True Type II Error No Erro r 15. Level of Significance (The probability of making a Type I error) 16. Interpretation of a confidence interval 17. P-value a.The probability of making a type I error found on your sample b. The probability, computed supposing the H0 to be true, that the experiment statistic leave behind take a value at least as extreme as that actually observed. 18. Interpretation of a test of significance (hypothesis test) Types of Problems 1. Reading and interpreting charts (make sure you read the labels so you subsist units and whether the graph is frequency (counts) or relative frequency (percents, ratios, probabilities). 2. Calculating Measures of Center a. Mean b. Median 3. Calculating Measures of Spread a. Range b.You will not have to calculate the standard deviation, but you must understand what the standard deviation is the average distance each data value is from the mean. c. Interquartile Range (Q3 Q1) i. 1st quartile ii. 2nd quartile (median) iii. tertiary quartile 4. Shape o f distributions 5. Shape of distributions and effects on Mean and Median 6. Effects of outlier and skewed distribution a. Non-resistant measures of Center and Spread mean and standard deviation b. Resistant measures of Center and Spread median and interquartile range 7. Boxplot and 5 number summary Min, Q1, Q2, Q3, Max 8.Binomial Distribution a. Calculating the mean , =np np(1 p) b. Calculating the standard deviation, c. Finding probabilities using the CDF output from MINITAB 9. Calculating Probabilities for a Normal distribution (Knowing how to use Table A, the standard normal distribution) a. Standardizing any normal random multivariate i. z x b. Unstandardizing any normal random variable i. x z 10. Sampling distributions a. Sampling distribution of the sample mean samples of size n i. Mean, x= (can be mensurable even if we do not know the shape of the distribution) ii. Standard deviation, x n the shape of the distribution) can be calculated even if we do not know iii. Shape of sampling distribution 1. If population the sample came from is normal, all sampling distributions of any size be normal 2. If the shape of the population is occult or is NOT normal, then the sampling distribution of the sample mean is normal only if the sample size is 30 or more by the Central Limit Theorem (The shape of the sampling distribution becomes approximately Normal if the sample size is large enough. In our flesh a sample of size 30 or more is large enough to assume the sampling distribution is approximately Normally distributed. iv.Knowing how to compute probabilities based on the sampling distribution of the sample mean when applicable. v. Inferential Techniques based on sampling distribution when conditions are met (SRS and Normality) 1. Estimation Confidence Intervals statistic margin of error (margin of error = critical value * standard error) a. known i. X z /2 * n ii. Sample size We can determine the sample size needed so that a specific margin of error is ob served at a specified confidence level n b. z unknown X * m 2 /2 t / 2,df * s n 2. Significance Tests (Hypothesis Tests) a. nown test statistic, z0 X 0 n b. unknown test statistic, t0 X s 0 n b. Sampling distribution of the sample proportions samples of size n i. Mean, p (can be calculated even if we do not know the shape of the ? p distribution) ii. Standard deviation, p(1 P) (can be calculated even if we do not n ? p know the shape of the distribution iii. Shape of sampling distribution of the sample proportions becomes approximately normal if (our book states np? 10 and n(1-p)? 10, that is the sample successes and failures must be 10 or more. ) np(1-p)? 10 , which is conservative. iv.Inferential Techniques based on sampling distribution when conditions are met (SRS and Normality) 1. Estimation Confidence Intervals statistic margin of error (margin of error = critical value * standard error) a. ? pz /2 * ? ? p (1 p ) n i. Sample size We can determine the sample size needed so t hat a specific margin of error is observed at a specified confidence level n p(1 p) z /2 m 2 If a foregoing estimate for p is known, use it. If a prior estimate is not know, use p = 0. 5 2. Significance Tests (Hypothesis Tests) a. known test statistic, z0 ? p p0 p0 (1 p0 ) n 11.Inferential techniques for 2 sample problems (means and proportions on PowerPoint that is coming next) which are also based on Sampling distribution when conditions are met. a. You will be given the value of the standard error for two sample problems (two sample means dependent, you will be given the standard deviation of the differences, but you will have to calculate the standard error s .) n b. You will have to calculate the pooled proportion for the two sample proportions ? problems p x1 x2 n1 n2 c. You will have to calculate confidence intervals and do tests of significance (hypothesis tests) 2. Goodness of fit test Best Way to Study 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Go over Test 1 and Test 2 Go over all quizzes since Te st 2 Go over all your quizzes Go over Post-Tests Go over Homework What you need for the final 1. 2. 3. 4. Pencil and eraser Calculator Table A and Table C Formula Sheet you have two choices. You must choose either A or B a. HAND WRITTEN legislation sheet no copies. Must be the original. On an 8X11 sheet of paper, front and back, you can write whatever you wish. Hand written b. Pristine, no writing on it, copy of the formula sheet on Blackboard. Scantron will be provided.

Naturopathy and Nutritional Medicine

In this essay I will look at nutritionary medicine and naturopathy, and discuss how they have evolved into their present status. I will describe similarities and differences and address how history, culture and philosophy have shaped them. Nutritional medicine is the intention of food and nutritional supplements to prevent and treat disease. It is based on the scientific study of nutrition, researching the nutritional content of food and how it con-tributes to optimal health. Nutrition is fundamental to health as it promotes wellbeing and decreases the risk of developing acute and chronic illnesses (Sardesai 2012, p. ). Naturopathy is a holistic healing system, focussing on natural agents (i. e. air, water, heat, food, herbs) and therapies (i. e. electrotherapy, physiotherapy, psychotherapy) and excluding the use of drugs and surgery. The core tenet is that all beings possess a Vital Force, the self-regulatory ability to heal which is supported and enhanced by naturopathic medici ne (Sherwood 2005, pp. 156-158). From those descriptions it is obvious that nutritional medicine is an integral partition of naturopathy.In fact, naturopathy considers proper nutrition and dietary routines important building blocks to health which are the prepareations to prevention of disease and promotion of health (Lloyd 2009, p. 46). Appendix, table 1 identifies bring forward similarities and differences between these two modalities. Principles for nutritional medicine and naturopathy wad be traced back to ancient practices. Refer-ences for the use of food as medicine can be found in ancient medical texts of Egypt that describe the use of animal, vegetable and mineral substances as medicine to treat diseases (Di Stefano 2006, p. 5).Although the term naturopathy stems from the late 19th century, its philosophical beginnings can also be found in Egypt with the earliest written records of healing practices. The supernatural approach to medicine and the belief that disease is ca used by angered gods, mephistophelean spirits or demons was characteristic for this period. Patients were treated holistically, both on a spiritual level including religious ritual, and on an empirical level by victimization food and medicinal plants with healing power (Seaton 2012, p. 2). Appendix, table 2 describes how this view on medicine, health and disease developed over time.

Butterfly Life Cycle

A womanise collector is studying a species of butterfly that has expanded its range into a brisk area over the last thirty years. The butterflies in the new area feed on a species of flower that has a deeper throat than the flowers exploited by the butterfly species in its original range. The average length of the automobile trunk that is used to suck nectar from flowers is also greater in butterflies that inhabit the new area. The butterfly collector makes a very valid hypothesis saying that the butterflies have adapted and evolved to their surroundings by having longer proboscis.Evolution plays a key role in how animals survive, change and evolve according to their surroundings. It is no surprise that if the flowers grew longer, the butterflies would have to adapt their own body in order to reach the nectar. Once the butterflies adapted this trace to live, it was soon passed on to their offspring until all butterflies had longer proboscises which they needed to have in order t o survive and live. Also since it was a new area where these flowers were, it is no surprise that the butterflies had to adapt to a new flower.Animals and humans adapt to their surroundings to make life easier to live. An new(prenominal) reason for why the butterflies had a longer proboscis could be because over time the butterflies evolved to have different organs in their bodies to be able to fight off different kind of prey and over time more and more butterflies adapted this trait. Also, over time the butterflies with this trait could use it to collect nectar from these different types of flowers that other butterflies couldnt which made them the stronger butterflies and the other type slowly died off, only leaving butterflies with bigger proboscises alive.

Management Obstructive Submandibular Gland Disease Health And Social Care Essay

Submandibular secretory electric reed electric organ is one of the major salivary secretory variety meat found in human existences. The new(prenominal)s argon sublingual and the parotid secretory organs. The three secretory organs are found to be located in the oral cavity and around the pharynx. All the three secretory organs together with other salivary secretory organs serve the intent of releasing spit in the oral cavity. The submandibular salivary secretory organ specific every(prenominal)y secretes saliva under the lingua in the front part ( Yuasa et al 1997 ) . The chief causes of submandibular secretory organ obstructor are the salivary calculuss and they are cognize to do puffiness of the secretory organs several repeated times specially during repasts. Saliva is besides produced by other group of secretory organs referred to as minor secretory organs ( Yuasa 1998 ) . These minor secretory organs are found in the oral cavity liners, lips and roof of the mouth. someti mes they john be located in the olfactory organ. These glanses are susceptible to a figure of diseases and upsets some of which include swelling or balls besides known as obstructor or tumours contagions by bacteriums, viruses and this can take to epidemic parotitiss dry oral cavity and hurts largely lacerations ( Rauch and Gorlin 1970 ) .Submandibular secretory organ Anatomy.The structural underframe of submandibular secretory organ was studied earlier in the 17th century and was subsequently visualized in the 1990s by assistance of an endoscope. The endoscopic expert techniques have developed quickly sing the past 10 old ages and this has been accompanied by sialoendoscopy debut and an betterment in direct submandibular secretory organ diagnosing and geographic expedition. This has besides permitted minimum invasive interventions of operation to get under ones skin off with the obstructor.ObstructionObstruction of submandibular secretory organs merely refers to interference with saliva mix in these secretory organs usually due to formation of rock in the secretory organs. The marks and symptoms of this upset usually occur when one is holding repasts. The respective(prenominal) enduring from this disease can originate production of the spit but the produced spit can non be able to come out through the ductal organisation taking to accretion in the several secretory organ. It is this accretion that go acrosss to swelling of the secretory organ involved and this is followed by frightening hurting and the returning of an infection at this phase can put in ( Capaccio et al 2003 )Causes of obstructor.The chief cause of salivary secretory organ obstructor is the Sialolithiasis which accounts for nigh 60 six-spot per centum of the entire secretory organ obstructor instances. Tumors, cauli rocks and stenosiss besides account for a comparatively high per centum of secretory organ obstructor. However obstructor is besides caused by other minor factors in cluding stoppers of mucous secretion, neoplasm compaction, foreign organic structures and sometimes obstructor by granulation tissue which can be due too immunological jobs. Obstruction can besides be as a consequence of exposure of the secretory organ to the radioiodine therapy which causes harm to these secretory organs particularly for persons enduring from thyroid carcinoma ( Milton, Thomas and Bickerton 1986 ) . Obstruction of the salivary groove can besides be caused deficient coordination of neuromuscular masseteric. Finally obstructor can be due to traumatic dentitions eruption or initiation of dental plate compaction in the opening of the salivary canal.Other possible causes submandibular salivary secretory organ obstructor.There are several possible causes of obstruction or obstructor of the submandibular salivary secretory organs. These factors can either be classified as extraductal, ductal or intratuctal factors. Extraductal causes are besides termed as interductal ca uses which can put across due to force per unit area built up from the other tumours next or next to the submandibular secretory organ. The force per unit area built up in these next canals or tumours cause swelling of these canals. When these canals swell outwards, the submandibular secretory organs near to them acquire compressed taking to their obstruction or obstructor to flux of spit. Other than the force per unit area from the tumours adjacent to the submandibular secretory organs, other constructions of anatomy stopping point to these secretory organs can besides do compaction force per unit area. Ductal factors or causes involve stenosiss of fibre that criss-cross in the interior of the canals of the submandibular secretory organs. These stenosiss publish from the walls of the submandibular secretory organ canals and turn towards the hollow side doing obstructor or obstruction to flux of spit. Intraductal factors or causes include things corresponding mucose stoppers or the concretion. collection of the mucose on the walls of the canals of submandibular secretory organs allow finally take to decrease of the infinite available for flow of the spit. Elevated degrees of this mucose accretion lead to obstructor. The mucose is believed to be secreted by some enzymes in the walls of the canals.InflammationIn a instance where the rock does non blockade the canal of the secretory organ wholly, the secretory organ will merely demo the swelling consequence at a set of feeding and so goes back to normal after the repasts but this fix of affairs will once to a greater extent reiterate in the following feeding session. The abnormally educeed spit is most likely to acquire septic and this leads to extra terrible hurting and secretory organ swelling. There is a likeliness of the secretory organ going abscessed if this experimental condition is left unattended to for a foresightful clip ( Epker 1972 ) .Abnormality is one of the causes of obstructor in some p eople. In instances where the major salivary secretory organs happen to hold some abnormalcies like development of bottlenecks, the spit may non be able to flux freely in such a instance and this can take to reduced flow of spit and this can make room for infections and other obstructor symptoms ( Becker et al 2000 ) .TumorsThe primary malignant and benign tumours of the salivary secretory organ usually push through as typical expansions or puffinesss of the affected secretory organs. In most instances tumours involves on one secretory organ and on rightfully rare state of affairss will you tumours involve in more than one secretory organ ( Yoshimura et al 1989 ) . Tumors are detected as growing expansions in the submandibular country or in other countries like the parotid secretory organ, mouth floor, lips and besides in the cheeks. The major secretory organs malignant tumours are describe as fast growth, can take to loss of gesture of the side of face which is affected either e ntirely or partially and these tumours are really painful. The investigate of the symptoms needs to be carried out quickly ( Spiro 1998 ) .DiagnosisThe chief methods of diagnosing of any(prenominal) salivary secretory organ disease are by proving in the enquiry lab, physical scrutiny and sometimes the history of an person is put in consideration. In a state of affairs where an person is suspected of holding a major salivary secretory organ obstructor, there will be need to anaesthetize the oral cavity salivary canal gap, investigation and exposit it to enable the transition of the clogging rock. The usage of dental X raies may besides assist in location of the calcified rocks. A CT contemplate shell of X ray will be helpful in instance a mass is located in the secretory organ and this type of scan will demo if the placed mass is portion of the secretory organ or a lymph node associate ( Bodner 2002 ) .TreatmentSalivary secretory organ diseases can be tackled by either medical i ntervention or by functional operation. The method to be used for intervention will be determined by the nature of the secretory organ job. If the nature of the job is one that attacks the organic structure as a whole so this must be treat and may necessitate farther audiences from other specializers but if the perspective involves obstructor of the salivary secretory organs and other secretory organ infections so antibiotics can rectify the state of affairs. However some instances of secretory organ diseases may necessitate canal instrumentality. In the instance where a mass has developed in the salivary secretory organ, the mass remotion by surgery is necessary. When transporting out surgery, attention must be taken to avoid harm to the nervousnesss located in the secretory organs ( Drage 2002 ) .Sialolithiasis/Calculi ( rocks )In many instances, this upset occurs largely in the submandibular salivary secretory organs and canals. However a few instances are reported to happen i n the parotid secretory organs. The chief cause of the stenosiss can be due to the injury that can originate from cheek biting. Other causes may be due to dental plates, concretion and sometimes post surgery effects. The persons enduring from this status experience several symptoms ( Marchal et al 2001 ) . They feel pain at the clip of feeding and this hurting is relentless and the swelling occurs largely during eating. The discharge of the spit and Pus from these secretory organs will alleviate these symptoms. Failure to go to to this status will take to stagnancy and accretion of the spit in the affected secretory organs taking to happening of infection. If this state of affairs continues for long without any attending so the patient s secretory organs may be destructed for good ( Nahlieli et al 2000 ) . This upset can be treated or managed but the direction or intervention depends on the type, the location and the degree of devastation of the involved secretory organs. The interv ention measures largely employed include canal repositioning, canal Reconstruction, calculus remotion by surgery, stenosis dilation and besides gland deletion ( Renhen 2001 ) .Malignant tumour.The major secretory organs malignant tumours are described as fast growth, can take to loss of gesture of the side of face which is affected either entirely or partially and these tumours are really painful. The probe of the symptoms needs to be carried out quickly. The chief symptoms of this upset as described include hurting, weak facial nervousnesss, lump tethering and fast growing of the tumour. The secern of probes that can be employed in this instance can either by MRI scan or usage of CT scan. A all right needle cytological aspirate can be applicable but the job is that this probe is dearly-won taking to many concerns ( Brown 2002 ) . adenoid cystic carcinoma. This status is divided to three subtypes. There is the cannular type, the cribriform type and the solid type. Among these thre e types, the most aggressive is the solid type. These three subtypes of the adenoid cystic carcinoma may happen in the same tumour or individually in different tumours. The features, marks and symptoms include perineural invasions which occur in about 60 per centum of the patients diagnosed with this upset. There is besides cervical metastasis although this is rare and occurs merely in approximately eight to thirteen per centum of the patients while the other symptom is the distant metastasis which happens in about 50 per centum of the patients diagnosed with this disease and this is largely sited in the castanetss and the lungs ( Seaver 1979 ) . The most employed intervention or direction is adenoid cystic carcinoma surgery as the primary intervention. The other direction techniques include entire parotidectomy and this is largely done when there is suspension of tumour clinical invasion. Radiotherapy can besides be employed in instance surgery is non successful. Then there is a demand to make frequent follow ups Incas of extremely susceptible patients to this upset in order to pull off it ( Chummun 2001 )Acinic cell carcinoma is normally located in the parotid secretory organ. This disease appears as a mass turning easy in the secretory organs and it is accompanied with hurting and tenderness. This tumour looks similar to cells of serous acinar. Other cases related to this status have been reported in the submandibular secretory organs and other salivary secretory organs. Persons with different age can endure from this disease but kids and average aged persons ( between 40s and 50s ) are most susceptible. This status can be treated or managed by using assorted surgery degrees followed radiation therapy. The other intervention method is neutron beam radiation, chemotherapy and besides conventional radiation ( Baruchin 2000 ) .Mucoepidermoid carcinoma incidences happen most likely compared to other two types. Persons aged between 20 and 50 are the most susc eptible. This status can happen in any salivary secretory organ but many such instances have been witnessed or apparent in the smaller salivary secretory organ of the roof of the mouth. This status can eat deep into the dentigerous cyst wall. Symptoms of both high and intermediate signifier of this status include metastasis to the part s lymph. This status is treated or managed by surgical dissection. The other method of direction is the postoperative radiation therapy ( Medina 1998 ) .Decision.Several disease conditions affect salivary secretory organs and they are brought about by different factors. All the medical applications that are employed in any status of this diseases will either be surgical or by usage of medical specialty. These sorts of interventions are done by sawboness with experience in the caput and neck subdivisions of the organic structure. These sawboness are referred to as ear-nose-and-throat doctor sawboness and in this instance they are specialized in both c aput and cervix related surgeries. ( Koch et al 2005 ) . Many more establishments that offer unwritten surgery and any other related researches should be enhanced and accomplished to be able to minimise these conditions and be able to manage even much more complicated diseases related to salivary secretory organs.

CAPM’s Contribution to the Stock Market

The capital asset determine pose (CAPM) is a mathematical, analytical statute to help investors strike the wisest decisions on the stock foodstuff. Before purchasing a common stock, an investor whitethorn use the CAPM (a mathematical formula) to estimate its expect take places. The Model may be apply for all kinds of assets. In brief, the CAPM helps to explain the relationship between the endangerment of a particular asset or stock, its market price, and the expected return to the investor (Capital asset Pricing Model or CAPM, 2007). By using CAPM as a marionette to project expected returns from stocks, investors automatically affect the demand and prices of stocks sold on the market. The CAPM starts out with the assumption that there are two kinds of risks that must be assessed before an enthronisation decision is made. Systematic risk includes risks facing the market as a whole and that cannot be dampened through portfolio diversification. Examples of systematic risks include rates of interest and economic slumps (McClure, 2008).While systematic risks must affect all stocks at the same time, unsystematic risks or specific risks are risks that are specific to individual stocks and can be diversified away as the investor increases the number of stocks in his or her portfolio (McClure). Of course, good investors are well-versed in investment theories such as the modern portfolio theory, which clearly states that diversification cannot resolve the issue of systematic risks, although specific risks may be easily handled by diversifying an investment portfolio.CAPM was developed as a way to address the issues raised by the modern portfolio theory. This Model is a tool to measure systematic risks as well (McClure). The Risk Glossary explains the importance of estimating systematic risk before the formula for measuring such risk is set forth According to CAPM, the marketplace compensates investors for taking systematic risk but not for taking specific risk. This is because specific risk can be diversified away. When an nvestor holds the market portfolio, each individual asset in that portfolio entails specific risk, but through diversification, the investors net exposure is just the systematic risk of the market portfolio. Systematic risk can be measured using beta. According to CAPM, the expected return of a stock equals the risk-free rate plus the portfolios beta multiplied by the expected excess return of the market portfolio. Specifically, let and be random variables for the simple returns of the stock and the market over some specified period.Let be the known risk-free rate, also expressed as a simple return, and let be the stocks beta. Then where E denotes an expectation (Capital Asset Pricing Model, 1996). The formula of CAPM is considered its conclusion (Capital Asset Pricing Model). To put it simply, the formula states that excess expected return of a stock is dependent on the beta of the stock rather than the stocks vol atility (Capital Asset Pricing Model). The same can be stated for an investment portfolio.Another way to explain the formula is that the stocks excess expected return over the risk-free rate equals its beta times the markets expected excess return over the risk free rate (Capital Asset Pricing Model). Or, excess expected return from a stock is dependent on systematic risk rather than the total of risks (Capital Asset Pricing Model). As suggested previously, by knowing the beta and expected returns for a authorized stock or asset, investors are able to bid up or down its price. Expected returns are adjusted so long as the formula has not been satisfied.Thus, the Capital Asset Pricing Model ends up predicting the equilibrium price of a stock or asset. One of the assumptions of the model is that all investors nurse on the expected return of certain stock or asset as well as the beta. Although this assumption is unrealistic, the CAPM is believed to affect the stock market by urging i nvestors to raise the demand for particular assets or stocks as compared to others, based on the information they obtain through the use of the Model (Capital Asset Pricing Model).Apart from the unrealistic assumption of CAPM mentioned above, there are other problems with the Model that experts have identified by way of research. As an example, Eugene Fama and Kenneth French, upon considering expected returns on the American Stock Exchange, Nasdaq and the New York Stock Exchange for a period of 27 years, found that the differences of beta do not consistently differentiate the performance of stocks (McClure).McClure reports that the study conducted by Fama and French is not the only one that raised doubts about the validity of the Capital Asset Pricing Model. A major(ip) problem with the Model is the fact that beta cannot be utilise as a sure predictor of the reaction of stocks to various changes. All the same, the CAPM continues to be used by countless investors around the globe ( McClure). In other words, beta continues to affect investment decisions that run the stock market day after day.ReferencesCapital Asset Pricing Model. (1996). Risk Glossary. Retrieved Nov 4, 2008, fromhttp//www.riskglossary.com/link/capital_asset_pricing_model.htm.Capital Asset Pricing Model or CAPM. (2007). Money Zine. Retrieved Nov 4, 2008, fromhttp//www.money-zine.com/Investing/Stocks/Capital-Asset-Pricing-Model-or-CAPM/.McClure, B. (2008). The Capital Asset Pricing Model An Overview. Investopedia. RetrievedNov 4, 2008, from http//www.investopedia.com/articles/06/CAPM.asp.

Jollibee †fast food the filipino way (case study) Essay

1. Introduction Strategic counseling is a comprehensive study of how a soaked executes during its course, with regard to its predetermined objectives, how they plan to achieve these objectives, and how much resources atomic number 18 expendable for those objectives. The operation to determine the strategicalalal steering involves considerations of follows strategic advantages and matching it with active conditions in craft environments. Gerry Johnson and Kevin Scholes (2001) reveal at that place atomic number 18 three origins of strategic management.In their book, Exploring Strategic management, they mention that a somatic strategic management could rise from ? Experience of operating corporations daily activities ? Regulated purpose steps as mentioned above or, ? Novel and innovative ideas that render under ones skin form evolutionary and complex understanding of the business environment. Concerning the strategic management, this paper discusses the case on Jollibe e Food corporation (Jollibee). The confederacy has worldwide reputation as dissipated-food provider from Philippines.The interesting part when discussing about Jollibee Food Corp lies on the fact that the company was named to be McDonalds a huge embarrassment, according to the Economist on its February 2006 issue. Moreover, the discussion pull up stakes consultation the potential next strategies for Jollibee Fast Food. The report give highlight a through analysis of the organization under review, in concert with recommendations for future strategies to secure opportunities, or to defend against threats. Furthermore, the analysis of Jollibee Fast Food provide also center on upon applying the theory of strategic management.There ar six points of discussion about Jollibee Fast Food they atomic number 18 systematic process of strategic management and last fashioning, primeval strategic problems, key strategic opportunities and threats, value, alternative courses of acti on, and recommendations as to the companys future course. 2. Analysis of Jollibee Fast Food 2. 1. Key issues of Systematic run of Strategic Management and Decision Making The widenment of business involves a series of suitable stopping point making that drive a company to achieve a designated position in a ill-tempered market or industry.Concerning the decisiveness making nature, I found a brief explanation from a research, where the researchers explains that at that place is no pure decision merely based on intellectual logic or purely based on emotion (Biology Daily, n. d. ). Their remarks suggest that in e real kind of the decision making process, there is an appropriate mixture between emotion and reason of the decision groundrs. This suggestion is in withdraw with nature of storytelling that also composes of mixture between the deuce factors.Although decision-making process could non merely depend on rational process, I found that it makes sense to assume that too much emotion may constitute a decision to be flawed or vague. Under such(prenominal) circumstances, in rate to make a sensible decision we must dispassionately consider evidences we fuddle. The theoretical perspectives in strategic management and decision making, as mentioned above, also happened in the case of Jollibee in which the decision to adopt McDonalds and U. S. fast food chain and to dress their reach outings involves both rational and emotional decision making. 2. 1. 1. Copy Strategy.As mentioned above, strategic management involves three broad activities they atomic number 18 performs during its course, with regard to its predetermined objectives, how they plan to achieve these objectives, and how much resources are expendable for those objectives. Concerning the Jollibee case, during its first act, the company asserts that from the start, their objective is to copy existing fast-food business practice in order to avoid reinventing new wheel and take benefits of tested experiences. In order to achieve the objective, Tony, the founder of Jollibee, and his chum salmon went to the U.S in 1978 in order to gain knowledge about running a fast-food business. The principal(prenominal) role model for Jollibee is undoubtedly McDonalds that later be adds the companys main rival not only in the Philippines market barely also overseas. The interesting part of Jollibee action is that the company decides to vie with multinational fast-food chain like McDonalds and Burger King by adopting the so-c whole in all tolded symbol of Filipino presumption. This strategic management is taken since the company realizes they advisenot compete with McDonalds that have strong financial moderation and supply chain. 2. 1. 2. Address Local.PreferencesIn do-gooder to copy the fast-food practice that McDonalds and early(a) U. S. fast-food chain, Jollibee also shout the topical anesthetic preferences when competing with U. S. fast-food chain in Philippines market. Fo r example, from the start in 1978, Jollibee address the Fillipino habits like eating in groups, all(prenominal) person orders separate dishes. By adopting local preferences, Jollibee has extensive number of menu compared to U. S. fast food that offer limited menu. Moreover, like McDonalds that has Ronald as the mascot, Jollibee also provides their mascot appeared as a human like bee two years after the fast-food chain establishment.The success of Jollibee continues running although McDonalds entered Philippines in 1981 since the U. S. competitor did not localize their offering and their price was higher by 5 to 10 percent than Jollibee. Moreover, in order to quarter and serve Filipino, Jollibee practice the local greeting ending by saying Magandang Umaga Po, the local preferences that McDonalds and other U. S fast food retailers do not adopt and practice. 2. 1. 3. Market Expansion Another decision that is noteworthy in the case of Jollibee is their globalization system. The comp anys first overseas outlet was in Brunei in 1987.The decision to expand worldwide was because the company saw opportunities in foreign markets although their market magnification dodge slowed down due to economic recession in 1997. The decision to adopt dual strategy to expand internally (Philippines market) while keeping their eyes open to international market amidst global economic recession highlight that the company employs both rational and emotional decision. The situation occurs since Jollibee believe that the recession would go away while market opportunities would grow at a breakneck speed afterwards.In accessory to initial overseas outlet in Brunei, the company immediately presents other overseas outlets in Indonesia, Hong Kong, and the U. S. The decision was based on the fact that the three countries have significant number of Filipino working there. In the U. S. for example, Jollibee first exists in Daly City, California, whwre 25% of the city population was Filipino descent. 2. 2. Key strategic problems and issues which have arisen and wherefore they have arisen Jollibee has a prominent reputation in managing its outlets throughout Philippine and neighboring countries.In its star sign markets, Jollibee is practically the hold uper in the fast-food industry, outperforming McDonalds by far. The company also gained success in foreign Asian markets, in particular ones with significant population of Filipino nationals. Nevertheless, the company is currently facing the challenge of maintaining integrated growing and surviving within the increasingly competitive industry and facing various crises. 2. 2. 1. Core Issue The company is currently planning to expand its business to the United States and perhaps even the European countries.Management believes that such undertaking is necessary to ensure growth for corporate international business. However, analysts stated that this undertaking might not be as successful as Jollibees management predic ted. This is due to the fact that competition in the global fast-food industry is much more pictorial compare to the Philippine markets and the Asian market. The company provide have to face competitors in their homeland, which is a scenario that receives significant critics because Jollibee is cognize to be profitable because it took advantage of its knowledge and insights of Philippine peoples tastes and preferences. such advantage will not be present in the US or European market. In short, to successfully perform the internationalization strategy, Jollibee cannot rely on existing strategies. New strategies that appeal to US consumers must first be discovered. This is the main issue faced by the company today. 2. 2. 2. Technical Obstacles Besides this main problem that will obstruct Jollibees expansion strategy, there are others. In entering the US markets, Jollibee is also facing technical schoolnical problems like procuring suitable real-state and designing the right retail f ormat.Because of the different construction style in US and different consumer preferences, management of the company is forced to build outlets which are actually different than their superior plan. 2. 2. 3. Attracting New Customers The company is also having problems in commiting clients. The original strategy of the company is to appeal to Filipinos who are working or living within the targeted country. However, the do of Filipino nationals who live in the United State is far from sufficient to generate Jollibees targeted revenue.Management is dealing with this problem by adding new products that suited local customers. Nevertheless, some of these new products are very different than the original offering of Jollibee and Jollibee is fledgling in providing such products to the market. Furthermore, this strategy threatens to eliminate Jollibees original trademark. The company needs to discover a way to increase the appeal of Jollibees original offerings to local customers. 2. 3 . Attracting Good Employees Besides having trouble getting customers, Jollibee is also having problems cajoleing good employees to work in its outlets.Being a new brand in the market with no locally reputable achievements, the company is struggling to attract good people to work in the company. The problem deserves quite an attention because the company is also inexperienced in facing this problem. In its previous markets, the company simply has to pick and choose between profuse applicants. The company needs to revaluate its human resource management programs and discover strategies to attract good employees. 2. 4. Key strategic opportunities and threats Strategic management is the art of designing the business to reach the highest possible success level.The core questions communicate by a good strategic management process are 1. what are our business objectives? 2. how are we going to achieve those objectives? 3. what resources are needed to achieve such objectives? . (What i s, 2007) In the case of Jollibee, the company already has a good design of hatful and mission statement and the value in achieving those objectives. Corporate values include customer firsts, excellence through teamwork, frugality, spirit of family and fun, humility to listen and lead, honesty and integrity.Corporate mission is to bring great taste and happiness to everyone. Corporate vision includes beingness the closely dominant and best-tasting service restaurant, reaching every Filipino, provide great product taste at all times, etc. The company is planning to achieve this objectives by attaining the 3B, which are boosting the standards of fast food industry, build brand satisfaction, and broaden the reach to customers. These statements fight the first component of strategic management.However, Jollibee must work to evaluate the second and third component mentioned above. In facing existing challenges and to achieve corporate objectives, Jollibee must search into its organiza tions for competitive advantages and develop the valuable edges to ease the company gain more share of the market. These advantages must be interbreed referenced to the conditions in Jollibees foreign markets to discover the appropriate corporate strategy to apply in the foreign markets. The core strategic advantages of the company are Innovation.In its home market and the market it has been operating in since its inception, the company was known to be highly innovative. The company genuine from an ice cream parlor to a chain of the most successful fast-food counters in Philippine. Today, the company has not lost its touch in innovation. New products are developed and designed as the company perform its daily operations and generated new menus and methods of preparing food. Sensitivity toward all customer segments In my personal opinion, Jollibee is successful because of its main weapon, sensitivity toward customer preferences.The company took notice of the different segments o f customers that come into the outlets and find the best possible way to satisfy their needs. Creating a variety of meals instead of the standard and non-variative products which is considered to be the character of fast-food outlets, designing childrens meals, creating a special program to address the take-away segment are just some example of how the company address the needs of its customers Pre component part Quality of Operations The company uses the newest technologies to put forward its operations.The manufacturing process within the outlets is constantly improved by benchmarking programs and adopting new processes and technologies. This should be identified as a weapon of corporate growth and entry into foreign markets. Good blood with Franchisers The company treats is partners and franchisers like family in accordance to Philippine customs. Inputs are regarded and the company truly work together with franchisers to develop the quality of outlets operations. leaders Som e analyst believed that most of the current success of the company is the result of one mans hard work.Without the leadership qualities and the audaciousness to spot a good strategy and actually go through with the idea, Jollibee would not be what it is today. There is little doubt in stakeholders minds that corporate survival and growth for all the years are directly related to Tonys presence as corporate leader and mentor. Identifying these strengths and cross referencing them to the challenges faced by the company in its internationalization plan, we should be able to conclude the following strategic opportunities The company possesses notable chances to succeed in international markets because of its qualities. However, because the international markets have much more intense competitive environment, the company must always try to develop the quality of its operations in all aspects. Preserving the present quality of operations and active innovation, and also enhance them to a new level will allow the company to be among the top players of the international fast-food industry. Facing new environments, all companies must go through a stage of adaptation.Adoption of local characteristics is generally necessary in order to get the first customers into the outlets. The company, who has a reputation of being innovative and sensitive toward customer preferences, should see this as an fortune to create new products, new programs, new packages or other new and appealing strategies that will attract customers into Jollibees outlets. In managing the human resource, the company should rely on its proven qualities for leadership and managing good relationship with partners.If the company is having trouble in initially attracting good employees into the outlets, the company should consider using Filipino employees. By training them to meet the highest standard of the industry and giving them the best employment deal in the market, Jollibee will set an example to th e general workforce in the market. The present condition of the company however, also has strategic threats that must be paid attention to. Some of them are Letting go previous formats and being creative Research indicated that previously successful companies generally have problems adapting to new conditions and developments.This is caused by the illusion that they have discovered the recipe for success and refuse to change along with the environment. Jollibee must educate its managers and employees not to slip by into this mind trap and understand the human race that the corporate profit will diminish and corporate cosmea will be threatened if all components of the organizations failed to change along with the environment. New strategies that will strengthen corporate competitive advantages are required, especially in this internationalization program. Dependency toward single leadership.In Jollibee, most of the bold and innovative strategies are led by a single leader which is a dangerous culture when the company intends to go international. The principles of globalization stated that business internationalization means that the company also has what it takes to perform localization of business operations. In a localization concept, local leaders must have the allowance and freedom to act in response to conditional changes (Beck, 1999). Having privately owned and franchise outlets overseas will make it necessary for delegation of leadership. Losing corporate characteristics Other strategic threat is losing corporate characteristics and be called a copycat or business imitator. Unlike the previous years of Jollibee when the company must perform expert benchmarking to mimic McDonalds, today the company is recognized for its own brand and characteristic. Corporate strategy must be aimed at increasing the appeal of existing offerings and not blindly mimicking local competitors to gain more customers. Such a plan is not viable in the long term. 2. 5. Valu e if decisions taken by managers.Jollibees success is not without apparent reasons. Management of the company displayed that it has performed its best in all aspects of corporate operations, especially in adhering to customer preferences and maintaining high quality manufacturing processes. In the modernism perspective, Jollibee would be successful in all its business endeavors as long as the company maintains all of the present business credibilities. This is in position with modernism philosophy who believes that human endeavor, logic and technology are the main factors that shape the world (Nichols, 1995).However, frankness revealed that the company is not vulnerable from problems and issues, and it must be noted that most of the problems are generated by external factors and not internal. In other words, the company remains credible as it is originated, but the quality of its effect is threatened. This is hardly accord with principles of modernism. On contrary, this is more suitable to the postmodernism perspective. In the postmodern perspective, social, cultural and spiritual factors are significantly influencing occurrences of the world. postmodernism proponents adopt a more flexible or fluid view of the world, with appreciation but not worshiping logic and modern technologies (Bertens, 1995). In the light of this discussion between modernism and postmodernism, we discover the reality that the business world is a constantly fluctuating place, where a company might be the incontestible leader today but could be reduced to runner ups the next day. Jollibee is in an important stage of its development, which is expanding to one of the biggest and most challenging markets in the world.This represents the possibility that Jollibee will face more challenges and uncertainties in addition to currently present. In its foreign markets, the company need to reevaluate its operations both internally to fit out corporate human resource management and externally t o increase the marketing appeal of the company (Castels, 1996). 2. 6. rumination of alternative courses of action According to case of Jollibee, there are many actions that Jollibee considered to be excellent. However, there are many opportunities for the fast-food chain to improve their service.for instances, concerning the global expansion, currently, the company still believe their recipe to develop the confessedly taste for Filipino since their target customers are Filipino descent. However, since customers in the global markets do not come from Philippines or not wholly Filipino, therefore, the company needs to adopt local taste as well. For instances, when serving American customers, Jollibee needs to incorporate local taste instead of forcing the Filipino taste for American people. 2. 7.Recommendations of conjunctions forthcoming In order to provide suitable analysis for a companys future, we should incorporate suitable business analysis tools so that we can baffle enoug h information and develop suitable strategy from it. One of business analysis tools that is suitable for Jollibee case is Ansoff Matrix. This analysis tool is basically a marketing tool, publicized by the Harvard Business Review in 1957 (Tutor2U, 2005). The concept elaborates how companies direct their corporate strategy to achieve corporate growth.As each company rely on different competitive advantage for profitability and growth, the Ansoff Matrix simplifies the complicated nature of personal corporate competitive advantages by dividing all of them into four large quadrants. In order to alleviate the limitation that the analysis tool has, Bruce D Buskirk, in 1998, add another two quadrants (6 in total) in the Ansoff Matrix.The addition quadrants address the influence of high tech environment in a business (Figure 1). Figure 1 Ansoff Growth Strategy Market (Expanded) generator Available at http//www.zanthus. com/databank/strategy/business_strategy. asp Concerning the case of Jol libee, the recommendation can be developed into some(prenominal) components as depicted by Ansoff Matrix. But two most important factors for recommendation are Future and New engine room. Future Concerning product future (product development and diversification), Ansoff matrix suggests that a company needs to advertise their product and repositioning the brand. This strategy is the least risky since its does not require massive capitalization to obtain new resources (QucikMBA, 2004).This is important since the positioning of Jollibee is formerly to become the Filipino choice while markets/customers come from divers(a) culture and nationality. The situation suggests the company need to develop global taste. Remember, McDonalds success is because they have a wide range of products that address global tastes plus some adjustment to local tastes. New Technology Considering the benefits of IT for supporting the Jollibee operation, the company needs developing Management Information w ith following benefits ? Simplifying the product and the production process?Using customers demands as a guide to enhance products and services ? Reduce cycle time ? better quality and precision of products (food and beverage) delivery ? Avoid miscalculation in billing statement To be specific, Jollibee can increase their revenue by simplifying the purchasing process by using corporate e-commerce, for instances, where customers can coyness a place at any Jollibees outlets. Similarly, by using e-commerce customer can leveraging any Jollibees products and have them by home delivery services. The situation highlights that the adoption of technology will give the company with new revenue sources.3. Conclusion Fast food industry is an interesting business since people need food and therefore the industry grows fast. Concerning issue, this paper discusses the strategic management of Jollibee Food Corp (Jollibee). Moreover, the analysis of Jollibee Fast Food will also focus upon applying the theory of strategic management and address six points they are systematic process of strategic management and decision making, key strategic problems, key strategic opportunities and threats, value, alternative courses of action, and recommendations as to the companys future course.Bibliography Beck, U. 1999. What is Globalization. Cambridge Polity Press. Bertens, Hans. 1995. The Idea of the Postmodern A History. London Routledge. Biology Daily. Emotion. Retrieved July 3, 2007 from http//www. biologydaily. com/biology/Emotion Castells, M. 1996. The Rise of the Networked Society. Oxford Blackwell. Harvey, Neil. Company Strategy. passkey Management Review. Retrieved July 3, 2007 from http//www. pmr. co. za/magazines/January2005/regCompanyStrategy.htm Nicholls, Peter. 1995. Modernisms A Literary Guide. Hampshire and London Macmillan Tutor2U. (2005). Ansoff Product / Market Matrix. Retrieved July 3, 2007 from http//www. tutor2u. net/business/strategy/ansoff_matrix. htm QuickMBA. ( 2004). Ansoff Matrix. Retrieved July 3, 2007 from http//www. quickmba. com/strategy/matrix/ansoff/ What is Strategic Management? . 2007. Allbusiness. Retrieved July 2, 2007. from http//www. allbusiness. com/search.