Comparative politics and governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Comparative politics and governance - Essay ExampleWhile the United States considers itself the original and best democratic nation, the institutions and basic social structure of the government inhibit some of the foundational ideals of democracy. Younger democracies, like Nigeria and Spain, actually come closer to realizing maintaination of the citizenry. The small-scale direct democracy of classical Athens is lots held up as the purest form of democracy. Each citizen in Athenian democracy had a vote, the simplest formulation of One man, one vote, a right which did not work to women and slaves, and voted directly on issues, policy, and representation (Blackwell 2003). This original democracy is only truly practicable on small scales. With larger populations, such as the 300 zillion population of the United States (United States Census Bureau 2010), direct democracy is highly impractical, requiring voters to vote on representatives to act in their interests. The way these repr esentatives are elected and represent the will of their constituents is the primary difference between democratic governments. In the United States, power is shared by three separate branches of government, designed to share and give up one another to avoid concentration of power in any single branch of the government. The elected representatives of the legislative body are tasked with the crafting of legislation, funding, approving presidential appointments, and declaring war. Representatives of the two houses in the legislature are elected by voters in their district, unlike the president who is elected by electors who are themselves elected in the presidential race (Leip 2008). On the surface, this may appear to be direct representation, but the United States has a two-party system of democracy, meaning that voters are more ofttimes voting for a semi policy-making party rather than a candidate and his policy platform. Power in a legislative body is shared and wielded by politic al parties who, more often than not, can act in the best interest of their party rather than the interest of the voters, regardless of the reasons for which they were elected. This system presents problems for a get hold of of a true democracy in several ways, one of which being the means by which candidates are selected to run for office in the first place. The political party helps raise funds to run the campaign, a control on who can run in the race before it even starts. Independent or third-party candidates rarely win an election because of the lack of political party support. When they do win, it is almost always because they have name recognition as an established political figure, such as Joseph Lieberman, who won his seat in the Senate as an independent after losing the Democratic primary in 2008 (Joseph I. Lieberman 2011). The voter has, basically, a choice between two candidates, two parties, which does not represent a real choice and may not truly represent the views of the voters. Another problematic aspect of a limited-party system is the gerrymandering of political districts. Once in power, political powers redraw districts to consolidate blocks of voters they know will vote for their party. In a way, this is rigging the election system such that the incumbent, or at least his or her party, is reliably safe in an election, which explains the

Human Development In The Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams Essay

Human Development In The Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams - Essay ExampleThe play tries to justify that complete and gifted families should sustain the support of the males household heads. Amandas family has no father as he abandoned them. They try to find the happiness they do non have and end up living in fear and neglects. Therefore, Tom takes the responsibility to take care of the family despite his small age. The new roles instill his psychological development. Toms parental duties at a tender age deprive him of his prime youth experience. Human development is a process, and everyone should admire every stage of his or her life thus, psychological mismatch evidence in Toms boredom in family issues.Glass Menagerie emphasizes roles of parents in child development. However, the play illustrates strictness and decision making on behalf of kids as positive attributes of a good mother. Amanda is strict on Tom and Laura. She expresses her desire for Laura to have a right dat e and asks for Toms assistance but quickly becomes angry that she dropped out of typing class because of shyness. In psychological perspectives, parents should apprehend the strengths and weaknesses of their children and help them to overcome the challenges. Amandas approach is worse and only serves to humiliate Laura. She also offers little assistance to enable Laura to overcome shyness.Amanda is a character who does not tolerate mistakes among her children. Thus, she engages in every aspect of their lives with the notion of providing the moral support. Nonetheless, she portrays qualities of a mother who is overprotective. Her approach is not a healthy approach to parenting because she provides little date for the Tom and Laura to explore the world and establish their desires. Her actions are evident when she asks Tom to introduce Laura to a friend. Jim disappoints Laura making Amanda yell at Tom. She is the cause of her daughters heartbreak, and reason Tom left their home (Bloom 72).

New Product Proposal and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

New Product Proposal and Development - Essay ExampleThe micro innovations typically make up for more than 80% of the development of the company (Annacchino, 25). These events do not lead to the growth that the company hopes to get in the end. R-W-W directs the brook to answer six important questions, which are, does the intersection point have a real market? Does the company produce a genuine product? Can the good compete with other products? lead the organization compete with others? Is the product return profitable at a particular risk? Is it logic to launch the product? Does the product have a real market?Establishing if the market exists is an important factor to its growth. The new technology has a real market because it has passed the qualities of the market (Day, 03). The charger has been able to shape the quality of the market because of its quality. Apple and Samsung are the main producers of smart phones in the world. The phones they produce do not come with a movable charger. It means the charger will have a ready market for the charger. The need of portable kinetic charger is growth due to diversity of products.Will the organization compete with others?Individuals will choose the charger over other because of one or more features it possesses. The charger would improve on the existing charging solutions in the industry. The market has been there for a long time and it indicates that the portable kinetic charger will, compete with other corporations. The high use of mobile phones and other devices has reverse a community norm.

Date Rape Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Date Rape - Essay ExampleSometimes called cont doing rape or sleep rape, the second is performed with the help of drugs like ketamine, Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and benzodiazepines such as Flunitrazepam (roofies)1.Keith Burgess-Jackson in a recent book on rape called A Most Detestable law-breaking New philosophical Essays on Rape (OUP, 1999) states that rape is such a confounding idea that it is tough to restrain it within a definition. There atomic number 18 too many kinds of it and hence the comprehensiveness of one definition can be measured only by the exclusions it suggests.should it be conceived as forced sex, cerise sex, coerced sex, compelled sex, nonconsensual sex, pressured sex, exploited sex, involuntary sex, expropriated sex, objectified sex, unwanted sex, nonmutual sex, or bad sex. Here the philosopher must do more than provide a definition. He or she must formulate a theory a theory of the concept. It may be that no single theory accommodates all of the data, in which case the most we can believe for is a theory that illuminates more than any other2.(4)The idea of date rape adds one more bizarre di manpowersion to this array of human bestiality. In fact, the sour of classifying rapes has itself come under scrutiny. Feminists have argued that there has always been a salacious element in the naming and description of this private female trauma. Both men and women were callous enough to excuse such aberrations within the sphere of life. But, of late, things have changed.In an interesting book called Representing Rape Language and Sexual Consent (Routledge, 2001), Susan Ehrlich argues that keep resistance to male linguistic appropriation have resulted in a new glossary of the female psyche. She says that when one group holds a monopoly on naming, its twine is embedded in the names it supplies and the names it does not supply. Thus, innovative terms such as sexism, sexual harassment and date rape argon verbalise to be significant in tha t they give a name to the experiences of women. a few years ago they were just called life. (12)Rape is much more usual than believed. Social, cultural and even educational factors prevent women from reporting acquaintance rape. Quite often, the victimizer is shrewd enough to convince the victimized that the act was not rape, that it happened because of circumstances, that it was an seditious expression of emotion and so on. Since a majority of the women involved in such cases are credulous or nave, such verbal excuses assume entailment too. The result is that date rapes are not as systematically reported as are rapes. This mystifies it more so because it is common knowledge that any act of forceful sex is not subsumed under the definition of rape. The prevalence rate of acquaintance rapes are often found to be erratic simply because the victims are either ignorant of the crime perpetrated on them or they do not want to add on to the unedifying aftermath (including legal formalit ies) of an acquaintance rape.In an inspired study called Violence in Dating Relationships Emerging Social Issues, editors Maureen A Pirog-Good and Jan E.Stets contend that when the victimizer is an acquaintance, women are often reluctant to identify the somebody let alone label the event as rape3. This is the reason why we do not have authentic statistical data on this companionable

Discussion on the Underground Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Discussion on the Underground Economy - Essay ExampleThe aim of this paper is to discuss the ramifications of the immunity economy in the United States and the effects that this has had on the social and economic development of the country. The most logical place to start a discussion virtually the impedance economy is with the job market. There argon a growing number of citizenry in the United States that have found themselves out of run short in recent years. Still needing money to survive, however, these people turn to jobs for individuals or companies that will pay them cash for the services that they may provide. This negates the official hiring process and enables people to keep the money that they earn. Naturally, there are advantages and disadvantages to this phenomenon. There are those that make the claim that whatevertime a person has cash in their pockets, it is good overall for the economy. Bills kitty be paid, goods and services purchased and an overall feeling of economic well being and achieved realized by those who would otherwise remain unemployed. In some ways, those working on a purely cash basis provide an infusion of money into the economy on a daily basis. Such individuals are more probable to be daily purchasers of food and other sundry items, while being less likely to save. In addition, proponents of the underground economy point out that taxes are still being paid every time that cash is paid for an item or service in the marketplace. Many others claim that this part of the underground economy is harmful to society in numerous ways. First of all, employment and income taxes go unpaid and unrealized. Subsequently, those working in the underground economy go without benefits of any sort. If they are injured on the job for example, they will likely have no insurance with which to take care of their medical bills and their employer will likely non claim responsibility. In addition, there are no guarantees of work, no implied sick or holiday time, and little recourse if there is an employment dispute. In essence, workers in the underground economy are left on their own and largely unregulated. Even though the jobs may pay them a daily wage, they are not legal and such workers would have a difficult time making a complaint should one arise. While so called day laborers depend on their daily jobs to survive, they are often paid a wage that is lower than industry standard. In addition, those that employ the day laborers end up saving money that should be going to pay employment, income, unemployment, and service taxes. This is billions of dollars annually that does not make its way back into society. In addition, if the cash that is made by working in the United States (or in other underground economies around the world) goes unspent, or is sent abroad, then there is no direct benefit to the country as a whole in terms of tax revenue. This would negate the dividing line that even day laborers benefit the overal l economy because of the money they spend on goods and services. For that argument to carry weight, there would need to be proof that the amount of cash spent outpaces the money would have been collected in taxes. Needless to say, this would be a tough argument to win. Another aspect of the underground economy in any given country can be seen in the black market. This is a marketplace where goods or services are traded in a completely illegal manner. What makes the black market a part of the under

Renaissance Essay Example for Free

Renaissance EssayRenaissance is a French word that literally means Rebirth and is referring to the rebirth of learning in northern Italy after there was hardly learning in the middle ages. During the Renaissance, there was a great renewal of education and ancient times. But, the Renaissance was much than bonny studying works of ancient scholars it influenced sculpture, architecture and painting. In da Vinci da Vincis Mona Lisa, the deep smile reflects the newly emerging Renaissance values of secular humanism and The Renaissance man. (Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed. , s. v. Renaissance. ) (Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed. , s. v. da Vinci da Vinci. ) (Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed. , s. v. Mona Lisa) secular humanism was a new philosophical outlook that rejects religious beliefs and centers on humans and their values, capacities, and worth. For pillow slip some human achievements and concerns were the study in philosophy, culture, human needs, desires, and experiences . Humanism not only influenced the Renaissance, it also assisted the creation of art during the Renaissance. For example most of bills famous painters lived during the Renaissance. In Leonardo da Vincis Mona Lisa, humanism is shown by her mysterious facial expression, which gives an indication that shes keeping a secret.Humanism was key to the Renaissances success in art and learning because it got peoples minds off religious beliefs and allowed them to focus on human values like artwork. (Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed. , s. v. Humanism. ) (Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed. , s. v. Leonardo da Vinci. ) (Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed. , s. v. Mona Lisa) The Renaissance man was a major title during the Renaissance and almost every man wanted this title. The Renaissance man is a flawless individual who tried to master all areas of study.For example Leonardo da Vinci was considered a Renaissance man because he was a musician, architect, sculptor, painter, scientist, engineer, mat hematician, geologist, inventor, cartographer, anatomist, botanist and writer. Leonardo da Vincis Mona Lisa was an example of Leonardo da Vincis title of a Renaissance Man because this artwork showed how talented he was by creating her mysterious smile. Today, the Mona Lisas mysterious smile is being debated why Leonardo da Vinci made it that way. The Renaissance man is a value of the Renaissance because this encouraged more scholars to learn and study so they have something to earn.Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed. , s. v. Renaissance Man. ) (Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed. , s. v. Leonardo da Vinci. ) (Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed. , s. v. Mona Lisa) In Leonardo da Vincis Mona Lisa, the mysterious smile reflects the newly emerging Renaissance values of Humanism and The Renaissance man. The realizations of the Mona Lisa demonstrated how much art had changed compared to the middle ages. Renaissance art was a huge contribution to the Renaissance and in fact expressed the values of it. (Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed. , s. v. Leonardo da Vinci. ) (Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed. , s. v. Mona Lisa)

Kant vs Mill Essay Example for Free

Kant vs move EssayIn the Foundation of the Metaphysics of Morals, the author, Immanuel Kant, tries to form a base by rejecting on the whole ethical theories that argon connected to consequences, and then focusing on our ethical motivations and live up tos. Kant wants to derive good char compriseers out(a) of contingently right put throughs. He believes that everything is contingent (everything disregard swallow good or bad price, depending on how it is used). So he is trying to find the supreme principal of incorruptity in all his agenting. Kant overly believes that an action is right or wrong based solely on the reason by which it was performed.However, a Utilitarian, like John Mill, would reject Kants reasoning of originating good characters out of actions alone, and instead argue that if an action has bad consequences, then the action was morally wrong. Kant believes that an action has moral outlay only if it is done out of respect for our moral code. He names this moral action a ? duty. Kant also believes that in determining the moral worth of an action, we need to look at the maxim by which it was performed. So, we need to look at ones reason for doing an action to determine if it is a duty. If the reason for performing the action is justified, then the action is a duty.However, Kant says there be two different types of reasons for performing an action. Kant calls these reasons ? imperatives. The first reason for performing an action, the conjectural imperative, is based on consequences and on our mortalal preferences. They are also contingent, meaning that they can be good or bad depending on how they are used. People choose to perform a given action because of the hypothetical imperative. The second reason for performing an action according to Kant is called the categorical imperative. These are not based on our preferences, dont deal with consequences of an action, and are derived a priori.They are completely separate from hypotheti cal imperatives. We all work knowledge of categorical imperatives before experiencing them first. They are kind of a second nature for us, which needs to be recognized according to Kant. These are the most important reason for performing an action. These imperatives also have the characteristics that Kant needs in order to make his point that all of our moral principals are categorical, have absolute authority, and are independent of different situations. These categorical imperatives have three different conceptualizations. The second formulation of the categorical imperative deserves the most attention.The second formulation states that all rational beings should be treated as ends, because they are ends in themselves. So in devising a decision, we must choose the action which view the ends of others and of ourselves. This would be respecting an individuals indecorum. Autonomy is commanding yourself to do what you think is a good desire to do. Since your self-identity comes f rom the autonomy principal, it is making choices based on your values. Each person has an idea of how they want to live their life, and with interfering with that idea, we are showing that person a lack of respect for their whole person.A good example of interfering with a persons autonomy is making false promises to somebody. When we lie to someone, we take away their choice by exploiting them. So when we take away their choices, we take away their autonomy. This is because it distracts the persons perception on what is the case. If they cant see everything clearly and make a good, moral choice, that is because they dont know what they should. So we rob them of the ability to control themselves and their future. If everybody made choices and acted on their autonomy, would this world be a safe place to live?It wouldnt, because some people have no morals, and their autonomy tells them it is on their best interest to kill somebody. However, if each person respected the ends of themsel ves and of others, while acting on their autonomy, it would be a very safe place to live. In fact, it would be a perfect community. Kant calls this idea the ? kingdom of Ends. In the Kingdom of Ends, only those moral laws which respect and further the establishment of this perfect community are adopted. This perfect community is impossible to achieve, Kant says. But he says it is our best interest to try to reach it.As I mentioned before, a Utilitarian, like John Mill, would argue against Kant by saying that an action has moral worth based on its consequences alone. Mill would argue against Kant by saying that making false promises are good or bad, based on the outcome, not on making the false promise. Mill would argue that if lying to somebody saved them some misery, or even their life, then lying to them would be the right action to do. For example, if you knew that somebody was going to get the crap kicked out of them tomorrow in class, and this person happened to be your frien d, then you would tell them that your instructor called and class was cancelled.This would be making a false promise to your friend, and leave behind most likely have good consequences because your friend did not go to class and get beat up. Mill says this is the right action to take in this situation, because there were good consequences in the end of things. However, Kant would completely reject this idea of performing actions based on consequences. He does this based solely on unforeseen consequences. We cannot hope to predict the outcome of any given situation.It is impossible there is no such thing as seeing the future. So by making a false promise to your friend, you have still done the morally wrong action, even though it will most likely save them some suffering. It did indeed take away their choices, so they cant act in a way they want to act (going to class). I happen to agree with Kants idea here. I think that no matter what the consequences are, performing the right act ion is always the right thing to do. overall I think that Kant has better arguments because they are directed at the individual, not at society in whole.I also agree that the moral worth of actions is determined by the motivating principal of the action, not by the consequences, like John Mill. So I am a deontologist, for the most part. However, I also agree with some of the things that Mill has to say. So is there a way that we can combine the ideas of Mill and Kant together in order to form a perfect society in which everybody is happy? I dont know the answer to this question, but we should all strive to do so, and we should start by respecting each others autonomy and treating others as ends.